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Giant oceanic manta ray

Mobula birostris

Conservation status IUCN: Endangered· EN
Giant oceanic manta ray (Mobula birostris)
Photograph from Wikimedia Commons · Wikipedia article (en)

Where the name comes from

The name manta comes from the Spanish manta, blanket or cloak: the flat, broad body that wraps the water like a sheet. The epithet birostris joins the Latin bis (two) and rostrum (snout): the two cephalic fins beside the mouth, which when rolled up look like horns — and which earned the animal its wholly undeserved reputation as a “devil fish”.

Facts

Group
Fish · Actinopterygii · Chondrichthyes
Order
Stingrays
Habitat
Open sea and tropical reefs, often at cleaning stations
Range
Tropical and temperate waters worldwide
Size
Up to 7 m across, over 2 tonnes
Diet
Filter feeder — zooplankton
Lifespan
Up to 40 years

Characteristics

  • 01

    The largest ray in the world, its pectoral fins spread into “wings”.

  • 02

    It “flies” through the water on wingbeats rather than undulating like other rays.

  • 03

    The cephalic fins funnel plankton towards the open mouth.

What sets it apart

The manta has the largest brain relative to body size of any fish, and it passes the mirror test: faced with its own reflection it behaves in ways that suggest self-recognition, a threshold crossed by very few species. Despite the name devil fish, it is a mild giant that eats nothing but plankton and seems, at times, to seek out the company of divers.

Next species

European sea sturgeon

Acipenser sturio